Criminology and Criminal Justice Neoliberal Ideology

Question: Discuss about the Criminology and Criminal Justicefor Neoliberal Ideology. Answer: Introduction The neoliberal ideology describes a policy model of social studies along with economics which transmit control of economic factors from the public to the private sector. The ideology builds from neoclassical economics, indicating that governments have to restrain subsidies, make effective reforms to tax law to expand tax base, decrease deficit expenditure, restrain protectionism, along with opening markets up for trade (Giroux 2015). The ideology further seeks for the abolition of fixed exchange rates, support deregulation, allow private property, as well as privatize businesses operated by state. It focuses on the promotion of rational self-interest via policies like privatization, deregulations, tax cuts and globalization. It is a proven ideology since it leads to crony capitalism along with a huge outwards redistribution of wealth whereby poor and ordinary suffer asceticism, repression of wage, labour rights revocation and right for protesting whereas a few cabal of corporate interest along with creation of insiders enrich themselves through ant-competitive behaviors, absolute criminality as well as corruption, besides socialism-for-the-rich plans. The public debate along with political action linked to alcohol-associated violence and one punch killings are perceived to be linked to neoliberal ideology and this can be affirmed by using the concepts of risks as well as responsibilisation. Linking Public Debate and Political Action to Neoliberal Ideology The public debate along with political action related to alcohol-associated violence and one punch killings are linked to neoliberal ideology. In understanding this thesis, the deliberation in this paper uses the concepts of risks as well as responsibilisation. Responsibilisation seeks to have people accept more responsibility for the protection of themselves against the risk of crime victimization. People level of acceptance to be more responsible is influenced by their views on police, especially police attendance expectations, police performance satisfaction, police responsiveness to calls for service perception, along with attitudes to police legitimacy impacts the acceptance of people to increased responsibility for the control of crime. Responsibilisation is further linked to gender, education as well as fear of crime. From this understanding, it can be categorically stated that responsibilisation seeks to implement the neoliberal ideology suggestions that seek to transmit cont rol of economic factors from the public to the private sector through increased privatization, deregulation and wealth redistribution. The one-punch killing laws is an all-encompassing alterations aimed at tackling alcohol-triggered violence (Burgess 2016). This law seeks to make people more responsible by having a mandatory 8-year jail sentence for the fatal single-punch attacks triggered by the alcohol or drugs remain among the raft of mechanisms to curb alcohol-linked violence. This law improves responsible behavior since it is no longer allowable for one to go out and subsequently drink oneself stupid, take illegal substances, commence a fight, coward punch individuals or even engage in additional forms of assaults thinking that you will easily get away with such irresponsible conduct (Cullen 2014). Being a mandatory law, it leaves judges with no option but to sentence people, and hence it is a proactive mechanisms to help drive the concept of responsibilisation by reduction risks of attempting to punch someone once drunk. This law in essence is a neo-prohibition that emerges from the concepts of neoliberalism. It will effectively blur the responsibility of violent offenders with the regulations in alcohol. It is a proven neo-prohibition public health policies since people will be more responsible as it limits mandatorily the bottle shop closures at 10:00 pm besides a 1:30 am pub, along with no pub service after 3:00 am. The society will be more responsible since it shifts the responsibility to them proactively rather than wait to have perpetrators of violence engage in their bad behavior and inflict unnecessary harm to other innocent people. The law is more of offence-oriented than offender which is a proactive way to prevent the alcohol-triggered violence. Focusing on the offence arise from a more justice model than welfare model and it is increasingly proving effective in reducing the alcohol-linked violent crime. This shift from welfare on a global perspective is in line with the neo-liberal ideology of governance. This is because the fundamental alteration in criminal along with juvenile justice has shifted emphasis on social settings of crime and state protection measures to increased prescription of individual or family or community responsibility alongside accountability being effectively captured in the neo-liberal ideology of governing at distance (Muncie 2005). Unlike the extremely critiqued welfarism, neo-liberal has filled the gaps by discouraging state dependence, refuting overloading state responsibility that only determines the ability of a person to be responsible for his individual actions. The neo-liberal ideology has encouraged the family, individual and community to be more responsible without having to dependence on the state by transforming ancient notions of social benefits, social engineering, social welfare and social work to a more responsible and autonomous framework (Liebenberg, Ungar and Ikeda 2013). The move will also make the alcohol vendors to be more responsible by bringing into a halt the act of having the perpetrators to ply with liquor while lazy politicians will take their regulatory duties more seriously and having music videos halting the glorification of drinking. A reduction in the time people can drink is also a responsible strategy. This is because it is a self-evident truth that alcohol is directly correlated with violence. Alcohol is directly related to violence since much violent crime is triggered by intoxicated individuals. The availing theory indicates that alcohol lowers inhibition. It unswervingly anesthetizes the regions of brain which people use in the regulation of daily behavior. Alcohol alters people physically, and in a manner which makes certain individuals increasingly aggressive. Conclusion From the above discussion, it is a self-evident truth that both political actions and public debates associated with alcohol-affiliated violence and one punch killings seemed to be linked to neoliberal ideology. Both responsibilisation and risk concepts have been referenced to affirm this undisputed association. References Burgess, C.N., 2016. Critical analysis of the law surrounding" one punch" killings. Cullen, J., 2014. Wa's'one punch'law: solution to a complex social problem or easy way out for perpetrators of domestic violence. Griffith Journal of Law Human Dignity, 2(1). Giroux, H.A., 2015. Against the terror of neoliberalism: Politics beyond the age of greed. Routledge. Giroux, H.A., 2015. Schooling and the struggle for public life: Democracy's promise and education's challenge. Routledge. Liebenberg, L., Ungar, M. and Ikeda, J., 2013. Neo-liberalism and responsibilisation in the discourse of social service workers. British Journal of Social Work, p.bct172. Muncie, J., 2005. The globalization of crime controlthe case of youth and juvenile justice Neo-liberalism, policy convergence and international conventions. Theoretical Criminology, 9(1), pp.35-64.

Relationship Formation - The Filter Model free essay sample

The Filter Model:This model states that relationships go through three filters.These filters can be remembered as DAN. Demographic, Attitudes, and Needs.Before we begin filtering we look to the Field of Available. This includes all the people we could possibly have a relationship with.The first filter is then Socio-Demographic Variables. Such variables include similar background, education, location etc. People with different or incompatible variables are filtered out at this point.The second filter is Similar Attitudes. Similar attitudes help aid communication and so the more attitudes, beliefs, and ideas the couple share the more likely they are to form and sustain a relationship. People with different or incompatible attitudes are filtered out at this point. The third filter is Complimentary Needs. Once the relationship is established, complimenting each others needs becomes one of the most important factors. To study the model, Kerkoff and Davies conducted a study using students in a relationship for 18 months. We will write a custom essay sample on Relationship Formation The Filter Model or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Using self-report questionnaires, the study found that attitude similarity was the most important factor for up to 18 months, were complimenting each others needs becomes the most important factor.The study used real-life couples and so has an aspect of mundane realism.However, there are problems with this study. Firstly, self-report questionnaires are problematic as they are easy to lie on, or to misrepresent data, or to get wrong as they often require retrospective knowledge. This means that the findings could be biased or incorrect. People may also show social-desirability bias, in order to paint their personal relationships in a better light. The study does support the filter model by showing that there are stages to a relationship and that these stages have distinct markers. However, this model is flawed. The socio-demographic variables stage may not be as important as the model makes out, with the rise in internet dating and also long-distance relationships, especially in military families, not fitting in with the model.However, Sprecher conducted another study and found that couple matched in physical attractiveness, social background, and interests were more likely to develop a long-term relationship. This suggests that the filter model is correct in regards to socio-demographic variables. The filter model also fails to explain a lot of individual differences, so this could account for the difference in socio-demographic variables. It also disregards outside influence, social desirability, and it is assumed to be an unconscious choice to enter a relationship with a certain person. This removes a certain amount of the romantic aspect of relationships, rather showing it to be more about convenience and benefit than any sort of loving relationship. Many of the theories in this area seem to box off human emotions and prove to be robotic in nature; human emotions and relationships are often more fluid and complex than this area perceives.

Sample Essay Questions For the Age of Reason

Sample Essay Questions For the Age of ReasonIf you are going to write an essay for the age of reason, you are likely to find that there are some really interesting sample essay questions for the age of reason available. You don't want to write an essay that doesn't cover one or two of these questions, so it is important to understand them, and how they apply to the topics you are writing about.One of the best questions you will find is, 'How do we define the reasons?' This question can be written as a subheading under the heading, 'Why should you write an essay on this topic?'The first thing you will need to do is look up the term 'evidences' in a dictionary. Then, you will need to decide what type of evidence you are looking for. That may be called 'testimony,' 'proof,' 'conclusive proof,' or just about any other words that give you a hint at what you are looking for.An example of a good example of an argument could be that God sent his son, Jesus, to show the world that he was the son of God. He was put into the world to do exactly that.For example, is this an argument? Are you trying to prove something by presenting evidence for it?There are many questions that have answers to them. What is really meant by 'answer' is that this question isn't as easy as you might think, and that you should pay close attention to the answers that are given.You might write, 'Evidence shows that prayer works.' A sample essay question for the age of reason for this question would be, 'Does prayer work?' You will need to make sure that the answer is yes, and that you present the evidence to support that answer.

Aeneid By Virgil Essays - Roman Mythology, Aeneid,

Aeneid By Virgil The Aeneid, by Virgil, is an epic that attempts to give the Roman Empire an illustrious founding. As the story progresses, Virgil presents two very real human emotions: pietas, and impious furor. Pietas is duty towards the Gods, country, and family. Impious furor, in contrast, is the feeling of fury and passion. These two emotions are consistently at odds with each other. Many characters within the epic, such as Juno, are consumed by their own fury, a trait which Virgil sheds negative light on. Aeneas, the hero and central character, on the other hand, is a man who is presented as pious and dutiful. He obeys the Gods and journeys to Rome. However, at the end of the novel, Aeneas himself is overtaken by rage, and he kills out of vengeance. Virgil's goal in writing the Aeneid is to present Aeneas as a pious individual, and thus giving Rome a glorious founding. By closing the novel with an act of rage, however, Virgil portrays Aeneas as a ruthless killer. The ending is inappropriate bec ause it casts doubt on the very reason for which Virgil wrote the Aeneid. Aeneas is presented as someone who is the model of pietas. A Roman must show piety towards his family, his country, and above all, piety to the Gods. When Aeneas visits Carthage, he falls in love with Queen Dido, and plans to remain there for an indefinite amount of time. However, he is quickly reminded of the more important task at hand. Are you forgetful Of what is your own kingdom, your own fate? remember Ascanius growing up, the hopes you hold For Iulus, your own heir, to whom are owed The realm of Italy and land of Rome. (Aeneid, 4:353-369) Mercury, the messenger god, is scolding Aeneas for remaining in Carthage. Mercury reminds him that he must remember his ?fate,? and that he should leave for Italy immediately. He also reminds Aeneas of his son Ascanius, and that he should leave for Latium so that his son can eventually rule over the ?realm of Italy.? Aeneas now must make a decision, does he stay with Dido, the woman he loves, or does he continue his journey to found Rome? Even though Aeneas ?longs to soften, soothe [Dido's] sorrow? (Aeneid, 4:540) because he cares for her, ?pious Aeneas carries out the gods'/instructions? (Aeneid, 4:544-545). Pietas is love for Gods and putting aside your own heart to comply with the will of Gods. Therefore, Aeneas gives up Dido and instead chooses Rome and its glorious future. He is being dutiful by following the words of Mercury, who in turn represents Jove, God of Olympus. Virgil clearly intends this to be seen as a commendable trait. In addition, Aeneas is explicitly referred to as ?pious? within the text. This description of Aeneas is appropriate, because by choosing the Gods over Dido, he has now become worthy of the term piety. Virgil is attempting to make a distinction between Aeneas and the other characters of the Aeneid. While other's may indulge their anger, Aeneas has control over his emotions. One different point of view that can be presented against Aeneas's piety is his killing in the war against the Latins. Aeneas kills many of Turnus' men in the course of the battle. However, Aeneas, in his battle with Lausus, feels compassion for the man he has beaten. ?Poor boy, for such an act what can the pious/ Aeneas give to match so bright a nature?/ Keep as your own the arms that made you glad;/ and to the shades and ashes of your parents I give you back-? (Aeneid, 10:1132-1136). Aeneas has mortally wounded the man, but he still shows compassion towards him. Instead of taking Lausus's weapons, Aeneas allows him to keep them, and he gives the man his blessing. For this reason, Aeneas displays piety, even when he takes the life of a man. In contrast to pious Aeneas, Juno, Goddess of marriage, is someone who is overtaken by her own anger. She does not want the Trojans to reach the site of Rome, and her dislike of them is recounted early in the epic. And Saturn's daughter- remembering the old war? the causes of her bitterness, her sharp and savage hurt,? for deep

Amendments essays

Amendments essays Amendment 2: The second amendment gave the people the right to own an arm for protection of themselves and their country. Amendment 3 : The third amendment says that soldiers are not allowed to stay at a citizens residents without the owners consent. Amendment 4 : The fourth amendment says that no searches will be made of citizens possessions or personal effects without legal consent or without probable Amendment 5 : The fifth amendment says that anyone being charged of a crime does not have to incriminate his/herself through questioning. It also says that a defendant may not be charged twice for the same offense twice. Amendment 6 : The sixth amendment gives a defendant of a crime the right to a speedy trial ruled by an impartial jury in which the defendant must be forewarned of the charges brought against him and have the option of defense counsel. Amendment 7 : In a case of common law where the controversy in question is worth more than twenty dollars the right to a trial by jury is reserved. Amendment 8 : The eighth amendment says that excessive bail shall not be set for a lesser crime. It also states that cruel and/or unusual punishment will not be Amendment 9 : The ninth amendment says that rights described in the Constitution shall not deny other rights naturally given to the people. Amendment 10 : The tenth amendment says that rights not given to the United States by the Constitution shall be reserved to the people. Amendment 11 : The eleventh amendment says that the judicial power of the United States can not extend into a case against a state prosecuted by another state Amendment 12 : The twelfth amendment outlines the rules and regulations followed for the election of the president and vice president of the United States. Amendment 13 : The thirteenth amendment outlawed slavery and ga ...

Population Impact on Environment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Population Impact on Environment - Essay Example The size of population has a great impact on the environment. With the increasingly growing number of the world population, the natural resources are also under increasing pressure. If the population continues to grow with the current rate, more and more resources will be consumed, which will be a major threat to public health and development. Only 10,000 years ago the world population was one million, by 1960 it was 3 billion and currently the world population is seven billion (Emmott). According to estimates, the world population by 2050 will increase by 9 billion and maybe in some part of the future there will be ten billion of us (Emmott). The numbers of the growing population are shocking and outrageous. The large population numbers have a humongous impact not just on the environmental resources, but also the world climate, human health and the economic situation. The last century exhibited a rise in the population number and also revealed some major effects on the environment and public health. Developing countries consume more and more resources, because of the fast rate of population growth and need the resources to improve their living standards. On the other hand, developed countries have stronger economies and consume more resources than they can regenerate (Hinrichsen and Robey). The environmental sector showed that unclean water is supplied to major part of the population and kills 12 million people annually, majority of the victims are in the developing countries.

Equity And the Law of Trust Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Equity And the Law of Trust - Essay Example An express trust is created by the settlor’s conveyance of property by will or deed to a party, for this property to be held in trust for others. Creation of a trust does not require consideration. Written and formal documents are needed only for Trusts of real estate as required by the Statute of Frauds. A resulting trust is created when the intention is inferred or presumed, by a court of equity, from the terms of disposition of the property. Finally, a constructive trust results when a court of equity compels the person having legal title, to hold it for the benefit of another. A person guilty of fraudulent acquisition of title to property will be deemed by the court to be the trustee and will be ordered to hand over the property to the defrauded party. (Trust – property law-, n.d). Trusts are set up for the joint ownership of the matrimonial home, reduce amount of tax payable, provide for infants, the elderly or mentally disordered and to protect people from their vices. Sometimes the public donates money in response to some disaster or crisis and the law has to formulate a mechanism to administer the resulting fund. (Equity and the law of Trusts, n.d). In the present day world, the role of Trusts has assumed great significance. Trusts minimize estate taxes or help people who cannot manage their own assets for example minor children, disabled children or aged parents. Sometimes a trust is created to provide support and property management for a surviving spouse and minor children or for the educational purpose of children and grandchildren. Conditions of Revocable Trusts can be changed only during the lifetime of the settlor. This is beneficial for adapting to the changes taking place in tax and estate laws. Irrevocable Trusts cannot be changed, revoked or terminated once they are set up and do not provide for changes in the tax and estate laws. Some of the modern day varieties of Trusts are: Living Trusts or Trusts which are created and