Jay Gatsby is a Sympathetic Character in Fitzgeralds Great Gatsby Essa

In F. Scott Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby, Jay Gatsby provides the reader with a unique outlook on the life of the newly rich. Gatsby is an enigma and a subject of great curiosity, furthermore, he is content with a lot in life until he strives too hard. His obsession with wealth, his lonely life and his delusion allow the reader to sympathize with him. Initially, Gatsby stirs up sympathetic feelings because of his obsession with wealth. Ever since meeting Dan Cody, his fascination for wealth has increased dramatically. He even uses illegal unmoral methods to obtain hefty amounts of wealth to spend on buying a house with â€Å" Marie Antoinette music-rooms, Restoration Salons, dressing rooms and poolrooms, and bath rooms with sunken baths.† (88) His wardrobe is just as sensational with â€Å" shirts of sheer linen and thick silk and fine fennel.† (89) Gatsby buys such posh items to impress Daisy but to him, Daisy herself is a symbol of wealth. Jay remarks, â€Å"[Daisy’s] voice is full of money.† (115). For him, Daisy is the one who is â€Å" High in a white palace the king’s daughter, the golden gir...

Coffee from Ampalaya Seeds

COFFEE FROM AMPALAYA SEEDS (Momordica Charantia) TABLE OF CONTENTS A. Background Of The Study3 B. Statement Of The Problem And Objectives Of The Study4 C. Significance Of The Study6 D. Scope And Limitations6 E. Operational Definition Of Terms7 Chapter II8 Review Of Related Literature8 Chapter III11 Methodology11 A. Research Design11 B. Type Of Study12 C. Independent And Dependent Variable12 D. Treatments Of The Study13 E. Subjects / Samples13 F. Replications Per Treatment14 G. Methodology Proper14 H. Statistical Treatment For Data Analysis17 Chapter IV18Results And Discussions18 Chapter V30 Summary, Conclusion And Recommendations30 Appendix32 Appendix A32 Appendix B34 BIBLIOGRAPHY36 References36 CHAPTER I Introduction A. Background Of The Study Coffee alternatives have been famous since the last two decades due to economic crisis and experimentations for health and medical benefits. Any seeds that are edible when powdered can be used as an alternative source for coffee. The differenc e of the generic coffee from the seeds of the coffee plant from those of the alternatives is that it has a good amount of caffeine content.The similarity you can find in the alternatives and those of the original is that seeds contain carbohydrates which cause the aroma in roasted coffee [4, 5, and 6]. Ampalaya, on the other hand, is a crawling vine that grows mostly on tropical countries like the Philippines. It is said to be rich in iron, potassium, beta-carotene and other nutrients. It is also famous in treating diabetes because of its properties like polypeptide-P; a plant insulin that can lower blood sugar levels.Many researches on agricultural food chemistry convey that it provides nutritionally significant amounts of nutrients, minerals and amino acids that are needed for life [1, 2, and 3]. Ampalaya seeds when used as an alternative coffee will act as a stimulant, an herbal drink and at the same time can increase its additional properties like source for insulin and other nu trients found on Momordica charantia. Ampalaya seeds when used as dry powders have clearly demonstrated hypoglycemic activity [3].The researchers decided to process Ampalaya seeds the same routine on how the coffee bean is processed into a drinking beverage and test its sensory qualities using sampling techniques. B. Statement Of The Problem And Objectives Of The Study Main Problem * Can Ampalaya Seeds (Momordica charantia) be made into coffee? Sub-Problems * Does the coffee out of Ampalaya (Momordica Charantia) Seeds have a good quality in terms of taste? color? odor? texture? * What are the sensory qualities of the different treatments in terms of taste? color? odor? texture? * Which of the groups/set-ups are acceptable in terms of its overall acceptability?A. Control (Pure Ampalaya Coffee) B. Control (Pure Commercial Coffee) C. Treatment A (75% Ampalaya Coffee, 25% Commercial Coffee) D. Treatment B (50% Ampalaya Coffee, 50% Commercial Coffee) E. Treatment C (25% Ampalaya Coffee, 75% Commercial Coffee) General Objectives * This study primarily aims to determine if Ampalaya Seeds (Momordica charantia) can be made into coffee. Specific Objectives * To determine the quality of coffee out of Ampalaya (Momordica charantia) Seeds in terms of taste, color, odor and texture. * To identify the sensory qualities of the different treatments in terms of taste, color, odor and texture. To determine which of the groups/set-ups are acceptable in terms of its overall acceptability. A. Control (Pure Ampalaya Coffee) B. Control (Pure Commercial Coffee) C. Treatment A (75% Ampalaya Coffee, 25% Commercial Coffee) D. Treatment B (50% Ampalaya Coffee, 50% Commercial Coffee) E. Treatment C (25% Ampalaya Coffee, 75% Commercial Coffee) C. Significance Of The Study This research can play a significant role in replacing the generic coffee’s market cost for affordability and its medical benefits for various types of diseases/sickness like diabetes and anemia.It can also conserve unused or to-be-thrown away seeds of Ampalaya and use it for a better cause. According to the study of YumikoYasui, its seeds have linoleic acid that can  prevent coloncancer. It also contains polypeptide-P;a plant insulin that helps diabetic patients. D. Scope And Limitations This research will be conducted on July–August 2012 at Paraiso Cmpd. Baybay City, Leyte. This study focuses on how to make Ampalaya (Momordica charantia) seeds into coffee. The whole fruit is not included in making the product, only the seeds are used to make coffee.The researchers are not focusing on the nutrient values that they can get in the Ampalaya (Momordica charantia) seeds nor will they include it in their research. Instead, the researchers are focusing in making coffee out of Ampalaya (Momordica charantia) seeds and in the sensory qualities (taste, color, and odor) of Ampalaya (Momordica charantia) coffeein comparison to the commercial coffee. E. Operational Definition Of Terms * Momordica charantia * scientific name of the Ampalaya or Bitter Melon * polypeptide-P * a plant insulin found only in the Ampalaya * potentiate insulin is an alternative cancer treatment using insulin to administer low-dose chemotherapy or mandelonitrite * caffeine * is a bitter, white crystalline xanthine alkaloid that acts as a stimulant drug and a reversible acetylcholihesterase inhibitor * is found in varying quantities in the seeds, leaves, and fruits of some plants, where it acts as a natural pesticide that paralyzes and kills certain insects feeding on the plants * Coffea Arabica * is a species of coffea originally indigenous to the mountains of Yemen in the Arabian * Coffea canephora is a variety of coffea which has its origin in central and western sub-Saharan Africa * Hemileia vastatrix * severe symptoms of leaf rust * is a fungus of the order uredenales that causes coffee rust, a disease that is devastating to coffee plantations Chapter II Review Of Related Literature Coffee altern atives can be a solution to the serious need for a very economical, nutritious and medicinal coffee. It is very economical in the sense that its cost would be near to costless. It is nutritious that it has additional properties, vitamins and minerals that is very essential in the body’s growth and development.It is medicinal in a way that the coffee can cure several diseases more than ordinary commercial coffees can [7]. Ampalaya seeds are a good alternative for making coffee because it has more similar properties to coffee beans like carbohydrate and its bitterness. It is also good for dysmenorrhea and amenorrhea, provides daily need of iron in the body, and is good for people with diabetes. Ampalaya powdered seeds contain iron and folic acid which helps in the production of red blood cells and formation of myoglobin and hemoglobin.It is also rich in antioxidants that helps flushing out harmful toxins in the body and regulates the blood flow well. It also has been found out that this alternative may discourage people to use commercial coffee that has no nutritional value compared to coffee made from Ampalaya seeds [3, 7, and 8]. In the study conducted by Ma. Liza Lamanilao and Venus Sejalbo, entitled â€Å"Make/Making Ampalaya Seed Coffee and Polvoron†, in which their main objective is to make coffee and polvoron from unused ampalaya seeds that are being thrown away.They also specifically aims to develop this research to answer the serious need for a very economical, nutritious and a medicinal coffee. During the experiment in making coffee, they collected ampalaya seeds, remove the shells, toasted the seeds until the seeds will turn brown and finally, pound them to produce fine powdered coffee and a caffeine free coffee. They also make nutritious polvoron by toasting again the granules together with milk and sugar. After the experiment, they have found out the nutritional value we could get in Ampalaya Seeds.It contains iron and folic acid or Vi tamin B12 which helped the production of red blood cells and formation of myoglobin and hemoglobin. They also found out that Ampalaya Seeds is good for dysmenorrheal and amenorrhea and it provides the daily need of iron in the body and good for diabetics. It has been found out that the discovery may discourage the people to use the commercial coffee that has no nutritive value compared to coffee made from ampalaya seeds. Ampalaya Seeds is also a good substitute in making coffee based on nutritive value present in seeds. (http://www. foodrecap. net/recipe/ampaya-coffee-pulvoron/)In the research entitled â€Å"Coffee, Decaffeinated Coffee and Tea Consumption in Relation to Incident Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus† which was conducted by Rachel Huxley, Dphil, et al. The study primarily aims to identify the relation between the Coffee, Decaffeinated Coffee, and Tea Consumption and the Incident of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. The data from 18 studies with information on 457 922 participants reported on the association between coffee consumption and diabetes. Six (N=225,516) and 7 studies (N=286,701) also reported estimates of the association between decaffeinated coffee and tea with diabetes respectively.The putative protective effects of these beverages warrant further investigation in randomized trials. There was inverse log-linear relationship between coffee consumption and subsequent risk of diabetes such that every additional cup of coffee consumed in a day was associated with a 7% reduction in the excess risk of diabetes relative risk, 0. 93 (95% confidence interval, 0. 91-0. 95) after adjustment for potential confounders. Based on the results, the researchers owe to the presence of of small study bias represented an overestimate of the true magnitude of the association.The researchers concluded that high intakes of coffee, decaffeinated coffee and tea consumption can reduce risk of diabetes. (http://archinte. jamanetwork. com/article. aspx? articleid=773949#) A ccording to Rachel Huxley, DPhil and colleagues in the Archives of Internal Medicine during December 14, 2009 they conducted a study about â€Å"Every Cup of Coffee per Day Lowers Risk of Type 2 Diabetes by 7%†. This study was conducted at the George Institute for International Health, University of Sydney, Australia. The researchers stated that there are several studies to prove that drinking coffee may lower the risk of developing type 2 Diabetes.During the study, the researchers resolved information from 18 studies on coffee and diabetes. They also analyzed another 13 studies that includes data on decaffeinated coffee, tea drinking and diabetes. When all the information, from each study was combined, they out that each additional cup of coffee drunk per day was accompanied with a 7% lower risk of diabetes. People who drunk three to four cups of coffee per day had about a 25% lower risk than those who didn’t drank two r fewer cups per day while people who drank decaf feinated coffee more than three to four cups per day had about a ne-third lower risk of having type 2 diabetes. The study shows that if tea drinkers drank more than three to four cups of tea per day had about one-fifth lower risk of diabetes. In a nutshell, the results shows that people who drank more cups of coffee, whether it’s decaffeinated or regular or tea will have a lower risk of developing type 2 diabetes. Therefore, the researchers conclude that they will advise the patients who are most at risk for diabetes mellitus should increase to consume a coffee and tea in addition to increase their levels of weight loss and physical activity. (http://diabetes. webmd. om/news/20091214/coffee-tea-may-stall-diabetes) Chapter III Methodology A. Research Design The researchers will gather unused Ampalaya seeds from clean market sites and homes. They will wash and dry it up under the heat of the sun for 2-3 sunny days. Then, they will peel off its seed coat, roast it for 25 minutes and grind it to powder form. After it is powdered, it will be brewed and distributed to different controls and treatments. Then it will be ready for sensory evaluations for different sampling techniques and rate its acceptability. Problem Can Ampalaya seeds (Momordica charantia) be made into coffee?Hypothesis Ho: There is no difference between the commercial coffee and the Ampalaya seeds made into coffee. HA: There is a significant difference between the commercial coffee and the Ampalaya seeds made into coffee. B. Type Of Study This research study is quasi-experimental which focuses in making coffee from Ampalaya seeds. C. Independent And Dependent Variable The independent variable in this study is the Ampalaya seeds (Momordica charantia) coffee and the dependent variable is the sensory qualities of coffee (taste, color, odor, and texture). D. Treatments Of The Study + Control| – Control| TreatmentA| TreatmentB| TreatmentC| Ampalaya coffee (tsp. )| 1| None| ? | ? | ? | Comm ercial coffee (tsp. )| None| 1| ? | ? | ? | Sugar (tsp. )| ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | Water (cup)| 1| 1| 1| 1| 1| Table 1- Different Treatments of Powdered Ampalaya Seeds This study has 2 treatments for control set-up (positive control – 100% Ampalaya coffee, negative control – 100% commercial coffee) and 3 treatments for the quasi-experimental set-up (TA – 75% Ampalaya coffee, 25% commercial coffee; TB – 50% Ampalaya coffee, 50% commercial coffee; TC – 25% Ampalaya coffee, 75% commercial coffee).E. Subjects / Samples This research study involves ESEP curriculum students from Grade 7 to 4th year. The researchers take only 30 respondents / samples from the whole population of ESEP curriculum. F. Replications Per Treatment There were 5 treatments in this study (positive and negative control, treatment A, B, and C) and in every treatment, there were 30 replicates. G. Methodology Proper Table 2 – Process Flow Of The Conducted Study Preparation of Ingre dients and Materials and Roasting of Seeds for 25 Minutes Heat the frying pan in preparation for the roasting of seeds.Then, prepare the bowl and the mortar and pestle. Wash the seeds until it is free from dirt and other physical elements aside from the seeds. Lastly, prepare the heater for the boiling of hot water and the 5 plastic cups. Then, roast the washed, dried seeds in the pan for 25 minutes. Then cool it off. Drying of Ampalaya Seeds and Removing of Seed Coat The researchers will prepare the seeds which were gathered on the cleaner side of the market and will not be used by the vendors. The researchers wash the seeds, put it in a plate and placed it under the heat of the sun for 2 to 3 sunny days.Then, peel of the seed coat of the seeds with bare hands. Grinding of Seeds After the seeds were cooled off, place the roasted seeds in the mortar then grind it using the pestle until all of the seeds are powdered. Treatment Distribution for Ampalaya and Commercial Coffee In each o f the grouped teacups for the five samples, each teacup is distributed based on the data in Table 1. Sensory Evaluation The researchers conducted the evaluation through sensory qualities (taste, color, odor, and texture) and its acceptability. The treatments A to E are presented to the respondents for the evaluation based on the data on Table 3.Image 1Sample Questionnaire H. Statistical Treatment For Data Analysis The researchers used Chi-square Test in order to find the significant differences between treatments. They also used the mean in order to compute the average rating of sensory qualities (taste, color, odor, and texture) in every treatment. Chapter IV Results And Discussions This research study primarily aims to determine if Ampalaya Seeds (Momordica charantia) can be made into coffee. Based on our experiment, researchers can answer their objectives. The data gathered were tabulated and evaluated as shown below.Graph 1 – Total Respondents Per Rating Of Overall accept ability For The Positive Control This graph is skewed to the left. That means that the respondents rate the pure Ampalaya coffee a little bit lowly. On the brighter side, the majority was clustered in the average part of the graph hence; it can be treated as acceptable. Rating| Sensory Qualities| | Taste| Color| Odor| Texture| 1| 1| 0| 6| 4| 2| 8| 18| 3| 14| 3| 2| 8| 12| 2| 4| 17| 4| 7| 7| 5| 12| 0| 2| 3| | 30. 33| 37. 33| 10. 33| 15. 67| Table 3 – Total Respondents Per Rating Per Sensory Quality Of The Positive ControlGraph 2 – Total Respondents Per Rating Per Sensory Quality Of The Positive Control The table and graph above shows the relationship of the number of respondents and the rating they rate based on the coffee of the positive control. The graph conveys that the curve of the taste have the best rating results and color shows a more degrading result compared to the other variables. The solution performing the Chi-square Test of the Positive Control values for each of the sensory quality can be found at Appendix A. Comparing these results, we can evaluate: With the total number of respondents, n = 30, total data groups for the rating, k = 5, ? 0. 05, and d. f. = k – 1 = 5 – 1 = 4, then the x? 0. 05= 9. 49. * Since x? taste(30. 33) ? 0. 05(9. 49), then the rating distribution for the taste is significantly different to each other. The curve of the taste variable is positively skewed in which the respondents have taken the liking to the taste of the Ampalaya coffee. * Since x? color(10. 33) ? 0. 05(9. 49), then the rating distribution for the color is significantly different to each other. The curve of the color variable is negatively skewed in which the respondents may not have taken the liking to the color of the Ampalaya coffee. Since x? odor(37. 33) ? 0. 05(9. 49), then the rating distribution for the color is significantly different to each other. The curve of the odor variable is concentrated more on the average side of the rating. Maybe the Ampalaya coffee is more of an odorless beverage because unlike the commercial coffee, it has an aroma because of carbohydrates which may be a little bit of lacking on the Ampalaya seeds. * Since x? texture(15. 67) ? 0. 05(9. 49), then the rating distribution for the texture is significantly different to each other. The curve of the texture variable is negatively skewed.Maybe the physical appearance of the ground Ampalaya coffee powder is a lot different than the commercial coffee because of the differences of the type of fruit they produce, in which the coffee is a berry fruits so its color is a lot concentrated compared to the gourd family of Ampalaya which has a larger fruit. Rating| Taste| | + Control| – Control| Ta| Tb| Tc| 1| 1| 4| 0| 2| 1| 2| 8| 7| 9| 8| 12| 3| 2| 2| 6| 5| 4| 4| 17| 7| 8| 9| 8| 5| 2| 10| 7| 6| 5| Mean| 3. 37| 3. 4| 3. 43| 3. 30| 3. 13| Table 4 – Total Respondents Per Rating Per Treatment For The Taste Graph [ 3 ] â€⠀œ Mean Rating For The Taste Per TreatmentGraph 4 – Mean Rating For The Taste Per Treatment The graph above shows that the treatment that garnered the highest rating for the taste is TA, coffee of 75% Ampalaya coffee and 25% of the commercial coffee. Though the results were quite unexpected, the nearness of the rating between the pure commercial coffee and pure Ampalaya coffee is the most focused in this study so, we can say that Ampalaya coffee can be an alternative to a commercial coffee on the basis of its taste. Rating| Color| | + Control| – Control| Ta| Tb| Tc| 1| 0| 0| 1| 1| 0| 2| 18| 7| 10| 6| 11| 3| 8| 8| 9| 12| 7| 4| 4| 13| 10| 9| 12| | 0| 2| 0| 2| 0| Mean| 2. 53| 3. 33| 2. 93| 3. 17| 3. 03| Table 5 – Total Respondents Per Rating Per Treatment For The Color Graph 4 – Mean Rating For The Color Per Treatment The graph above shows that the treatment that garnered the highest rating for the color is the negative control, 100% commercial coffee. Thoug h the results were quite expected, it means that the Ampalaya coffee can always be distinguished visually from the commercial coffee. Rating| Odor| | + Control| – Control| Ta| Tb| Tc| 1| 6| 0| 5| 6| 3| 2| 3| 1| 9| 5| 7| 3| 12| 6| 8| 10| 10| 4| 7| 15| 8| 3| 7| 5| 2| 8| 0| 6| 3| Mean| 2. 87| 4. 00| 2. 3| 2. 93| 3. 00| Table 6 – Total Respondents Per Rating Per Treatment For The Odor Graph 5 – Mean Rating For The Odor Per Treatment The graph above shows that the treatment that garnered the highest rating for the odor is the negative control, 100% commercial coffee. If the graph is analyzed, you can hypothesize that an amount of the Ampalaya coffee can greatly diminish the good aroma the commercial coffee currently has. Rating| Texture| | + Control| – Control| Ta| Tb| Tc| 1| 4| 1| 7| 2| 1| 2| 14| 3| 8| 4| 5| 3| 2| 0| 5| 7| 7| 4| 7| 12| 9| 14| 11| 5| 3| 13| 1| 3| 6| Mean| 2. 70| 4. 17| 2. 63| 3. 40| 3. 53|Table 7 – Total Respondents Per Rating Per Treat ment For The Texture Graph 6 – Mean Rating For The Texture Per Treatment The graph above shows that the treatment that garnered the highest rating for the texture is still the negative control, 100% commercial coffee. Though the results are quite expected, if the graph is analyzed, there is a really much big difference on the texture dealt on the brewing of an Ampalaya coffee and those results are not quite on the liking of the respondents, hence this data might become one of the reasons on why Ampalaya seeds might not be a good alternative of the commercial coffee.But on the other hand, it might become another beverage like a medicinal tea. Rating| Control| Quasi-experimental| | + Control| – Control| TA| TB| TC| 1| 4| 2| 6| 5| 5| 2| 12| 4| 9| 5| 6| 3| 10| 9| 9| 12| 8| 4| 3| 14| 4| 5| 10| 5| 1| 1| 2| 3| 1| Table 8-Total Respondents Per Rating Per Treatment For Overall Acceptability Graph 7- Total Respondents Per Rating Per Treatment For Overall Acceptability With all t he results obtained, expectedly, the commercial coffee achieved the highest overall acceptability among the different treatments.If the curves are trend lined, Graph 8 – Trend Lines For The Total Respondents Per Rating Per Treatment For Overall Acceptability In this graph, it is clearly shown that the positive control has the lowest slope among the treatments, hence; Ampalaya seeds may not be a good alternative for the commercial coffee on the basis of overall acceptability of the respondents. Chapter V Summary, Conclusion And Recommendations SUMMARY Coffee alternatives have been famous last two decades due to economic crisis and experimentations for health and medical benefits.Ampalaya is a crawling vine that grows mostly on tropical countries like Philippines. It is said to be rich in iron, potassium, beta-carotene and other nutrients. Any seeds that are edible when powdered can be used as an alternative source for coffee. The general objective of the study is to determine if Ampalaya (Momordica Charantia) seeds can be made into coffee. This research can play a significant role in replacing the generic coffee’s market cost to affordability and medical benefits. It can also conserve unused or to-be-thrown away seeds of Ampalaya.The researchers focus in making coffee out of Ampalaya (Momordica Charantia) seeds and in the sensory qualities (taste, color, odor and texture) of Ampalaya coffee in comparison to commercial coffee. First, the researchers gathered unused Ampalaya seeds from clean market sites and homes. They will wash and dry it up under the heat of the sun for 2-3 sunny days. Then, they will peel off its seed coat, roast it for 25 minutes and grind it to powder form. After it is powdered, it will be brewed and distributed to different controls and treatments.Then it will be ready for sensory evaluation for different sampling technique and rate its acceptability. CONCLUSION Therefore the researchers conclude that: * The overall acceptabi lity of Ampalaya coffee is slightly acceptable. * There are significant difference in every treatment in terms of taste, color, odor and texture. In taste, the positive control (Ampalaya Coffee) got the highest mean rating among the 5 treatments while in color, odor and texture the negative control (Commercial Coffee) got the highest mean rating. * In overall acceptability of groups or set-ups, the negative control is the highest among the 5 treatments.RECOMMENDATIONS If the researchers were given a chance to remake this research, the researchers should gather the Ampalaya seeds at the same plantation, same stem and at the same age. After the researchers have gathered the seed, it should be simultaneously placed it in a plate and dried under the heat of the sun for 2-3 days. The Ampalaya seeds should also be roasted together for 25 minutes. And the researchers hoped that they have a machine in grinding the Ampalaya seeds so that the Ampalaya coffee will have a tiny particle. Appendi x Appendix A Taste x2=i=0n(fo-fe)2fe x2=1-626+8-626+2-626+(17-6)26+(2-6)26 2=(-5)26+(2)26+(-4)26+(11)26+(-4)26 x2=25+4+16+121+166 x2=30. 33 Color x2=i=0n(fo-fe)2fe x2=(0-6)26+(18-6)26+(8-6)26+(4-6)26+(0-6)26 x2=(-6)26+(12)26+(2)26+(-2)26+(-6)26 x2=36+144+4+4+366 x2=37. 33 Odor x2=i=0n(fo-fe)2fe x2=(6-6)26+(3-6)26+(12-6)26+(7-6)26+(2-6)26 x2=(0)26+(-3)26+(6)26+(1)26+(-4)26 x2=0+9+36+1+166 x2=10. 33 Texture x2=i=0n(fo-fe)2fe x2=(4-6)26+(14-6)26+(2-6)26+(7-6)26+(3-6)26 x2=(4)26+(64)26+(16)26+(1)26+(9)26 x2=4+64+16+1+96 x2=15. 67 Appendix B Taste + Control X= i=0nXin X= 10130 X=3. 37 – Control X= i=0nXin X= 10230 X=3. 40 Treatment A X= i=0nXin X= 10330 X=3. 3 Treatment B X= i=0nXin X= 9930 X=3. 30 Treatment C X= i=0nXin X= 9430 X=3. 13 Color + Control X= i=0nXin X= 7630 X=2. 53 – Control X= i=0nXin X= 10030 X=3. 33 Treatment A X= i=0nXin X= 8830 X=2. 93 Treatment B X= i=0nXin X= 9530 X=3. 17 Treatment C X= i=0nXin X= 9130 X=3. 03 Odor + Control X= i=0nXin X= 8630 X=2. 87 à ¢â‚¬â€œ Control X= i=0nXin X= 12030 X=4. 00 Treatment A X= i=0nXin X= 7930 X=2. 63 Treatment B X= i=0nXin X= 8830 X=2. 93 Treatment C X= i=0nXin X= 9030 X=3. 00 Texture + Control X= i=0nXin X= 8130 X=2. 70 – Control X= i=0nXin X= 12530 X=4. 17 Treatment A X= i=0nXin X= 7930X=2. 63 Treatment B X= i=0nXin X= 10230 X=3. 40 Treatment C X= i=0nXin X= 10630 X=3. 53 BIBLIOGRAPHY * Lamanilao, Ma. Liza and Sejalbo, Venus. â€Å"Make/Making Ampalaya Seed Coffee and Polvoron†, <http://www. foodrecap. net/recipe/ampaya-coffee-pulvoron/>. * Huxley, Rachel and Dphil, et al. â€Å"Coffee, Decaffeinated Coffee and Tea Consumption in Relation to Incident Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus† <http://archinte. jamanetwork. com/article. aspx? articleid=773949#>. * Huxley, Rachel, DPhil. â€Å"Every Cup of Coffee per Day Lowers Risk of Type 2 Diabetes by 7%† <http://diabetes. webmd. om/news/20091214/coffee-tea-may-stall-diabetes>. References [1] http://www. charantia. com/about-ampalaya/ [2] http://www. livestrong. com/article/292220-properties-of-ampalaya-sticky-extract/#ixzz1zWJX6zfP [3] http://www. agribusinessweek. com/ampalaya-bitter-gourd-natural-weapon-against-disease/ [4] http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Coffee [5] http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Health_effects_of_coffee [6] http://www. blurtit. com/q709932. html [7] http://www. foodrecap. net/recipe/ampaya-coffee-pulvoron/ [8] http://diabetes. webmd. com/news/20091214/coffee-tea-may-stall-diabetes

Invisible japanese gentlemen Essay

– A group of eight Japanese gentlemen: Most of them wore glasses and most of the time they were smiling. They talked in a not very understandable language. – A beautiful young lady: Blonde hair and pretty girl. She had thin features and a gorgeous face. She looked very sophisticated. – And her fiancà ©: He looked very handsome too. He was very similar to her fiancà ©, he looked from the high socialite. – The Narrator: Physically he is in the setting of the story. The author of this short story made a wonderful description of each of the characters. Physically he is in the setting of the story, sitting in a different table, worried about this particular couple which called him attention. He is looking both tables but he really got interested with the one where the couple was sitting. The observations that are made by the author of the story makes us, as readers more conscious about what is going on with the couple. We can identify their worries, especially the ones of the girl, about her future as a writer and also her concerns about the wedding and their future as a couple. The narrator is sitting at a table, alone, and observes a group of eight Japanese gentlemen having dinner together, and beyond them a young British couple. The Japanese speak q uietly and politely to each other, always smiling and bowing, toasting each other and making speeches in Japanese which the narrator doesn’t understand and describes in patronizing, derogatory terms. Seven of the Japanese gentlemen wear glasses. They eat fish and later a fruit salad for dessert. The Japanese Gentlemen are in the beginning a distractor but then we can realized that are fundamental in this short story. They try to show us an important characteristic of the girl ´s personality. Even though at the beginning of the story she seemed intelligent and a good writer, afterwards we can say that she is not a good writer because she is not a good observer. She is just a girl who is worried about her future and her career but she does not seem like a real writer because she does not have the power to look beyond things. That is why the story is called â€Å"The invisible Japanese Gentlemen† because through her eyes Japanese Gentlemen were nobody they were almost invisible. She was so concerned about her own superficial worries that she left the restaurant and she did not have a look at them. Although they sit farthest away, the narrator catches their conversation. The pretty young woman is a writer The female protagonist is a young woman who has just written her first novel. She is very ambitious and is always trying to please her publisher called Mr. Dwight. In order to be successful she changes the title of her book in accordance to her publisher`s wishes. She probably belongs to the upper classes which becomes obvious in the way she speaks. She is very self- centered, talking all the time about her problems without listening to her fiancà ©e. She is oblivious to his feelings. She has no doubts about her success in the future. Her fiancà © is a wine-merchant who has been offered a well- paid job by his uncle. He only listens to his fiancà ©e and doesn`t mention his own plans and wishes. It becomes obvious that he isn`t sure about marrying her. He is dissatisfied with his situation. He is more cautious about the future. He is a realist maybe, but his fiancà © is not. Writer is both jealous of the girl, because she is at the beginning of s omething and still has the ability to dream her future, and sympathetic, because she’s young enough to be his daughter and he would like to communicate his experience to her so as to preserve her from disappointments .

Freud, Adler and Jung: Founders of Psychoanalytic Research Essay

Introduction: There are three well-known influential thinkers who are considered to be pioneers in the field of psychology. It could be argued that without †¦. , the emergence of psychology as we know it might not have ever happened, at least in its present form. Freud is considered by his modern-day counterparts to be the founding father of analytic psychology, as he is the first to have come up with an albeit rudimentary, but nevertheless valuable model of the human psyche. Prior to his groundbreaking work, the nature of human consciousness was largely debated and theorized by medical doctors and theologians. Then there is Adler, (who was the first to have suggested the societal impact on emotions and thought processes and vice-versa, arguing that consciousness and culture have what could be termed as a symbiotic relationship. He emphasized, too, the importance of self-esteem and was the first to say that without a healthy self-esteem, an individual would develop an inferiority/superiority complex which would in turn affect many aspects of life. Last but not least, Carl Jung, who was a respected colleague of Freud in his earlier years, focused on the spiritual aspects of consciousness and saw the value it played on thoughts and emotions. We will explore in this paper the commonalities between these founding fathers of psychology as well as their differences, and explore the strengths in their theories as well as the weaknesses. By understanding the founders of this very subjective field of scientific thought, we can gain a better picture of how psychology has evolved over the years and apply it to our own research and studies. Sigmund Freud: According to Freudian theory, the consciousness is composed of three opposing forces: the id, the ego, and the superego. The id (Freud used the German term Das es) which consists of our instinct-driven behavior. Governed by what he termed the â€Å"Pleasure Principle†, It is largely pleasure-seeking: when we are hungry, we seek to obtain relief from these feelings by eating. Because the id is a self-gratifying drive, it can, according to Freud, cause problems if left unchecked, since the person would have absolutely no self-control and wouldn’t be able to exercise the self-discipline necessary to function in society. In accordance with what Freud calls â€Å"The Reality Principle†, The ego (das ich) copes with the limitations of reality by putting into place coping mechanisms when one’s basest needs cannot be fulfilled. For instance, it is the ego which represses the needs of the id by waking up early for work when the id tells us to sleep in late. The Superego (uber ich) tries to rule over the ego and id with moral principles which are both conscious and unconscious. It can be described as one’s religious convictions and moral principles. The Superego can override the ego and id when something must be done â€Å"for the greater good†, i.e. for moral reasons. Another Fundamental element of Freudian theory is his stages of psychosexual development, which categorizes each stage as follows: The oral stage where a child seeks comfort from suckling, the anal stage where the child is toilet-trained, the phallic stage where a child’s awareness of a penis (or lack thereof) plays a crucial role in early development, the latent period, and finally the genital stage. In each of these stages (aside from the latent stage where it is believed no crucial psychosexual development takes place) if there is a disturbance in normal development, a â€Å"fixation† can occur. For instance, if a child is weaned from breastfeeding too early, he or she can have an â€Å"oral fixation† which would manifest itself as nail-biting or smoking later in life. Last but not least, Freud was the first to propose that when we face situations we cannot emotionally handle, we have certain defense mechanisms such as repression, suppression, denial, displacement, sublimation, intellectualization, and rationalization, regression, and reaction formation. These mechanisms can be considered normal, especially during grieving periods. Much later, Dr. Elisabeth Kubler-Ross made shock and denial one of the first stages of the grieving process, and it has been well-documented that denial can be very common if not normal as long as it doesn’t become permanent. Defense mechanisms can become very unhealthy if they don’t eventually give way to directly coping with the emotions which are being denied or repressed. These defense mechanisms, in their most extreme forms can be very difficult to understand for those who haven’t shared the same experience. For example, it is very possible for a woman to be so deep in denial of a pregnancy that she will continue to menstruate up until the time of delivery. She could also attribute the normal symptoms of pregnancy with other possible explanations, i. e. morning sickness being stomach flu and the baby’s kicks being gas. A typical example of displacement can be seen with people who abuse animals or children. If a person feels they cannot express anger or aggression to a parent or significant other for fear of repercussions, they will channel the anger and direct it to the family pet or their child, who cannot fight back. Regression can be another common defense mechanism, and it usually happens when an individual is overwhelmed with anxiety and feels they cannot directly face the source of their emotions. A very common scenario is for an adult to remain in bed all day and sleep to avoid painful feelings shortly after a loved-one dies. Another example is when a child is afraid to attend school because of a bully, and becomes extremely clingy with the parent when he or she was very independent prior to the problem. Carl Jung. Jung and Freud became friends in 1906, after Freud had read some of Jung’s writings and invited him for a meeting in Zurich. Their first conversation was said to have lasted for 13 hours, with the two men exchanging ideas and elaborating on their theories. Freud saw Jung as somewhat of a protege, referring to Jung as his â€Å"crown prince and successor†. Their correspondence and friendship lasted six years, but Jung eventually expressed dissent with Freud over the role the unconscious mind played in human behavior. While Freud saw the unconscious as somewhat of a repository of repressed memories which could be manifested unbeknownst to the conscious mind, Jung believed that the ability to tap into the unconscious mind was possible and could contribute to emotional well-being. And while he agreed that it was important to understand past trauma and its influence on present behavior, he also believed that the future didn’t necessarily need to be determined by such things. The role spirituality played in his psychoanalytic theories also made him a pioneer in his own rite, though it was never something he and Freud could agree upon. Alfred Adler. Alfred Adler was also a contemporary of Dr. Freud and even joined his analytic society in 1902. By 1911 however, he too expressed dissent with many of Freud’s opinions and left to form his own society, the ‘Society for Free Psychoanalytic Research’. It can be reiterated that while he agreed with Freud that psycho-social development could be affected by influential factors beginning early in life, he came up with theories of his own which contrasted with those of his colleague. For instance, he believed that a child feels inherently weak around his or her elders, and strives to become superior to them throughout the course of early life. This term, known as â€Å"striving for superiority†, states that if the need for personal accomplishment and success is not met, an inferiority complex can develop, causing many other problems later on. He also proposed the theory that birth order plays a crucial role in emotional development. For example, he stated that an oldest child has it the worst, as he or she starts off having both parents’ unlimited attention and time. Later on after other siblings are born, an oldest child isn’t given the same amount of attention and is left to wonder why. Childhood neglect and abuse also have a profound impact on psychosocial development according to Adler, and numerous case studies continue to arise which prove his theory to be valid even today. Conclusion While many of the theories of Freud, Adler and Jung have been either dispelled or refined by case studies and discoveries in the field of neuroscientific research, there is no doubt they were pioneers in the field of psychology. Freud’s concepts of defense mechanisms have withstood the test of time even though his theories of psychosexual development have been outmoded, and Jungian psychoanalysis is still relevant today. Adler’s views on self-esteem and childhood development have been verified by clinical research, even if some of the finer points of his research had been discarded. While there is continued debate and new findings which will always create dissent and result in new discoveries related to psychology, it is certain that the work of these three early founders will remain significant for decades to come. References: â€Å"Jungian Analysis: Frequently Asked Questions†, New York Association for Analytical Psychology http://www. nyaap. org/about-jungian-analysis#5 Friedman, Howard S. and Schustack, Miriam W. â€Å"Personality: Classic Theories and Modern Research† Fifth Edition retrieved 1/23/2013 Heffner, Christopher â€Å"Psychoanalytic Theory† (http://allpsych. com/personalitysynopsis/index. html) Published August 21, 2012 retrieved 1/23/2013 Adler,A. , & Fleisher, L. , (1988, December) The Child’s Inner Life and a Sense of Community. Individual Psychology: The Journal of Adlerian Theory, Research & Practice Vol. 44(4), p. 417. Goodwin, C. J. (2008). A History of Modern Psychology (3rd ed. ). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.

Methods Exercise Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Methods Exercise - Essay Example As indicated earlier breast cancer is treatable if it is diagnosed at an early stage. This purpose of this paper is to .look at the different methods of creating awareness among the members of the community on this disease. The objective of this project is to increase the awareness level of female members of the community and engage as many people as possible to get tested. The main goal is to increase the current levels of women who are aged 20 and above to get tested. The target group is mainly young women who do not have the test as they usually argue that they are either too young or they are feeling fine. The target group for this project is the youths and young women under the age of 25 years and as a result the methods to be used should involve this group (Boyle, 2003). First, due to the lean budget that has been allocated to this project the methods used shall be more involving and will require a lot of effort by all the parties involved. The first method that this project will use is sensitizing the people through volunteers who will be selected and be chosen by the programs director (Baum and Meredith, 1999). The volunteers will be selected according to their age for the volunteers who will be doing the field work. The volunteers are to go round through the country sensitizing the people on the effects and the symptoms of breast cancer. This program is geared towards sensitization and awareness among the young people and encourages them to get tested as early as possible to get a cancer free population. The other volunteers that will be used in this program is the clinical offic ers and doctors who will be used in the campaigns as we will be having camps that will be used in the testing in every point that the campaign stops. These are the most important volunteers in this campaign as they will be losing and giving their working hours to this project. This project will therefore start by inviting all

Stress coping, social support and quality of live for a patient who Essay

Stress coping, social support and quality of live for a patient who suffered stroke and partner (husband) that had to give up his job to look after his partner - Essay Example Sandra is unable to speak at this time which also means that she cannot work; her husband has to quit work so that he can take care of her. The purpose of this discussion is to design information that can help Sandra and her husband cope with what has happened and insure that they will have a quality of life. According to The Stroke Association (2009), there are many psychological changes that a person can experience after a stroke. Depression is a common result because a person must deal with physical changes that are different from what they experience before the stroke. Many people are not assessed for depression so it is a good idea for Sandra to have an assessment for depression. Fear and anxiety can affect an individuals psychological well-being because they have lost the ability to use part of their body or they have been affected in other ways. In Sandras case, she is unable to speak and she has lost the use of her right side. Sandra will need to adjust to this situation in order to be successful in rehabilitation. Although each stroke is different, because Sandras left side of her brain has been affected, she may experience outbursts of anger or she may find herself crying for no known reason (Stroke Association, Fact Sheet 10, p. 1). These bursts of anger and crying are often linked to their frustration of not being able to take care of themselves for their daily needs (Ryan, 2009, p. 1806). Many stoke victims have a loss of sexual desire, and perceived loss of control or "the relinquishing of defined roles" of their daily routine. (Thompson and Ryan, p. 1807). The family is also affected because initially it is a shock. Most people do not feel that they are going to have any health problems and a stroke happens suddenly and dramatically. Family members may also feel a sense of loss because the person they have known and loved is now different. The doctors cannot really determine how much recovery a person will

Exercise Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Exercise - Essay Example Marketing department-headed by a marketing manager, this department will handle the process of moving the produced goods from the firm to the customers. The department will have six employees, divided into two groups, each headed by a supervisor. Finance department -handling all the financial operations in the organization, this department will have three employees, headed by the head of finance. He will handle the duties of a supervisor. Human resource department- handling all the duties of hiring, placement, and promotional recommendations as well as addressing all employees’ needs, this department will have two employees, headed by a personnel officer. The recruitment process Skills are an important element for the success and growth of our subsidiary. In the highly competitive business environment, offering our clients with the best quality products is paramount for Intel. Despite the Chinese market providing cheap labor, we will settle for the most qualified individuals i n the market. While identifying the most qualified individuals to hire, the plant will go through a recruitment process. However, internal recruitment sources will provide the required expertise on the Intel operations in the new subsidiary. Starting a new subsidiary requires logistical information. Every organization, despite operating in the same industry, has unique operational culture and processes from other firms. This necessitates shipping of part of our most qualified personnel from our main branch to the Chinese subsidiary. Among the most competitive departmental managers, production managers and supervisors, five will receive promotion to head the Chinese plant. Through performance evaluation and the records of accomplishment of the identified candidates, the highest scoring individual will take over as the branch manager of the Chinese firm. Specifically, they will ensure that quality and accountability culture in serving our customers remain a priority. External sourcing will however involve consultancy firms and recruitment bureaus. By extensively using referrals, we hope to have the most qualified individuals in the Chinese market. Purposively, part of the recruited staff will come from Chinese firms in the same industry like Intel. Training After external sourcing of labor, the team will undertake training of the staff to provide them with the best skills and knowledge to work for Intel. Subsequently, they will place them in their most qualified departments by matching their skills and expertise with the organizational departments. Training involves instilling the required skills and knowledge to a taskforce in order to achieve organizational goals and objectives (Welsch 2005, p. 35). Achieving our mission will involve the use of intensive and extensive training of the recruited staff. Extensively, training will cover on the various elements of production, as well as Intel culture. Intensively however, we will focus on training newly hired emplo yees on the aspects of their jobs according to departments. This will ensure high levels of productivity from our staff. Providing them with intensive training ensures minimal errors in our work, saving the organization reproduction costs and time. Additionally, we will ensure to provide them with induction training in order to orient them with our organizational mission, objectives and culture.